Coupled topology and shape optimization using an embedding domain discretization method

Abstract Density-based topology optimization and node-based shape are often used sequentially to generate production-ready designs. In this work, we address the challenge couple density-based into a single problem by using an embedding domain discretization technique. our approach, variable is explicitly represented boundary of embedded body. Furthermore, in form structured mesh allows us introduce variable, pseudo-density field. way, attempt bring advantages both methods together provide efficient way design fine-tuned structures without predefined topological features.